Heart rate monitors like Polar and CardioSport have been the most used strategy in triathlons because these events have such long durations. If you like to use a heart rate monitor for pacing, triathlon and especially ultra distance triathlons are definitively the place to wear heart rate monitors. It is clear that when a constant tempo is the ideal pace in a race situation, then there is a good chance that your heart rate will show you how tough you current workload is. In cycling races the workload (Watts) is very inconsistent (sprints, jumps, hills, breaking, corners, etc.). In a traditional triathlon race there is lot more consistency in the power output, thus there is a lot better correlation between heart rate and workload.

Power Meters to the People

Power meters like SRM, Ergomo and PowerTap are very common among pro triathletes, but actually they would be at least as helpful for beginner triathletes. When a triathlete enters a competition for the first time, he will realize that it is very difficult to get an efficient pacing strategy. It is very tempting to hunt down the opponent in front of him and it is difficult to save the energy for the final part of the race (hint: there is a run AFTER the bike race in triathlons…)

Even though there is a better correlation between heart rate and workload in triathlons, there is really good arguments to start considering power meter training. By knowing your critical power outputs for the distances you compete in, you have the best opportunity to optimize your training program. As an example I would like to mention Dave Simonson who participate in the power meter project. He has gained several watts because he has learned how to pace himself and trained at the right intensity.

Heart rate monitors are good for pacing, but they are still influenced by several external factors (temperature, caffeine, level of recovery, etc.) This indicates that there is a great potential for beginner triathletes to improve their performance. Power meter training improves their skill for pacing and that is one of the most important non-physiological skills in triathlon

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Many heart rate monitors and bike computers has a feature to measure the energy cost of the exercise. But can we believe these numbers? I have always been sceptical to these calculations since they are based on very few variables (percentage of maximum heart rate and total time). I have always said to my riders that they can use these numbers for fun, but don’t count on them when they cook dinner. There is probably huge variability in the quality of calorie metres, some gives a rough estimate and some doesn’t.

Can heart rate monitors be used to calculate energy expenditure?

Yesterday I found a study published in Medical Science of Sports and Exercise that tried to figure out how accurate the energy expenditure calculator of the Polar s-410 heart rate monitor was. They used three different calculations of the energy expenditure: 1) Polar s-410 using predicted values of VO2 max and maximum heart rate. 2) Polar s-410 using actual values of VO2 max and maximum heart rate. 3) Indirect calorimetry (You might have heard about this one in school…)

The results showed that the Polar s-410 did a quite good job for the men with no significant differences between the three calculation methods. The women’s numbers were overestimated when using predicted values of VO2 max and maximum heart rate. The estimation was better when they used the actual values but still overestimated with 12%.

Read the full article about Polar S-410

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Resting heart rate is not always equal to performance

Monitoring your resting heart rate is a good discipline to integrate in your daily procedures since it can give you some important information about your fitness. When you have registered your resting heart rate in the morning for a period of time (months) you will start to see a pattern. There are days with low resting heart rates and there are days with high values.

Notice long term changes in resting heart rate

The most important observation for you will be that there is some but not a total correlation between resting heart rate and cycling performance. Small differences in the same week has nothing to do with improved performance but is a lot more a question about level of recovery, sleep pattern, physical and psychological stress level etc. Differences observed over a longer period (months) might very likely be seen because of a central adaptation. Due to a better relaxation (regulated by autonomic nerve system) there is a better filling of the heart in the diastole and thus a larger stroke volume in the systole.

Don’t compare heart rate values…
As I have mentioned a couple of times before: It doesn’t make sense to compare absolute heart rate values with others because we all have a different anatomy. As an example, I have registered a low resting heart rate of 36bpm in a period with a very small amount of cardiovascular training. I wonder how many of you hard training individuals who have the same value? That doesn’t matter! You are probably stronger than I was at that time anyway…

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Buying a heart rate monitor doesn’t have to be expensive. In fact a cheap heart rate monitor might very likely be one of your best investments in your cycling career. If there was a performance-improving per money index, I guess a heart rate monitor would rank in the top. It is possible to buy quality heart rate monitors like the ones from Polar or Cardiosport for reasonable prices. There are also several copy products, which also have a high performance and might save you a few bucks.

Basic heart rate monitors

All companies producing heart rate monitors have some basic models made for beginners. These watches have a very limited amount of details, but are delivered at a very fair price. Measuring of heart rate is very accurate at basic heart rate monitors because they use the same techniques for measuring as more expensive models do. Basically these watches measure the current heart rate and that is it. If all you want to know is the current amount of beats, a Polar Basic heart rate monitor could be a good choice for you. There are also some other basic models which offer a few options like target zones or average heart rate. Especially the avg. heart rate can be useful, exciting and motivating to use during training. I think that these options are an absolute minimum for a serious cyclist.

Advanced heart rate monitors

If you want to get more details and options about how your heart performs during the training session, you will have to invest in an advanced heart rate monitor. Here you will get more details about your performance and the monitor will store more data for you. E.g. how much time you have spent above you target zones. Some of the monitors in this category can be connected to a computer so you can make graphs of your training sessions. This can be very enjoyable for some people and very useful for others. The amount of data stored on these monitors is often limited, especially when you compare with how much data you can store on an iPod or MP3 player. For some reasons heart rate monitors have not taken part in this development. In many ways heart rate monitors are old fashioned, probably because of very few competing manufacturers. For many years Polar was the only reliable heart rate monitor on the market. Nowadays the competition is intensified, which makes the heart rate monitors both better and cheaper.

Professional heart rate monitors

If you have a scientific approach to your cycling or just want to get all details registered, you have to buy one of the professional heart rate monitors. These watches store huge amounts of data. Actually they can store every single beat from your heart. This makes it possible for you or your coach to make some very comprehensive analysis of your training on your personal computer. To get the full value out of a professional heart rate monitor like Polar s810, you need to have some interest in exercise physiology.

This article is Part Two of the Heart Rate Monitor Guide.

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A heart rate monitor is one of the most used tools for pacing strategy during intervals or competitions, analyzing of performance and detection of overtraining. A heart rate monitor makes a very precise measurement of the current heart rate. This information can be very useful for an experienced user who understands the exercise physiology behind heart rate regulation. In this series I will try to introduce you to some of the basic parts of heart rate monitor training.

Polar s625 is not for beginners

One of the best ways to learn to use a heart rate monitor is to use one during training. Don’t buy one of the top models from Polar (s625, s710, s720 etc.) - these watches are not made for beginners. Instead try one of the basic Polar monitors for a beginning. These watches are cheaper and easier to deal with. There are also several other manufacturers of monitors and some of them are probably cheaper. My point is that for a beginner who has never tried heart rate monitors before, it might be a clever idea to buy one of the cheaper models for a beginning and then buy a more advanced heart rate monitor when you know which kind of data you are interested in. A Polar s625 is a great tool for experienced riders, but is very likely to be overkill for a beginner.

Notify how your heart rate reacts

When you have bought a heart rate monitor: Get out on the roads! Spend a month with your regular training program, just wearing the monitor, but notifying how the heart rate reacts to the efforts. It is very interesting to study the heart rate and very quickly you will discover that you start to use the monitor for pacing. At this point you are already getting paid back for your investment, since you train harder and are more motivated during the ride.

Be patient
It is not necessary to use a special heart rate focused training program when you start to use it. As I said, just wearing the monitor for the first month is a very good education. I remember when I started to use a heart rate monitor for the first time back in the mid 90’s. At that time I had read some literature about general exercise physiology and heart monitors, but I lacked practical experience with the monitor. The result was that I made some target intervals for my heart rate which triggered the alarm system to beep most of the time. After a few of these rides I started to ride without target zones until I knew more about how my heart rate reacted during cycling. The lesson I learned was that you have to be patient and wait a while before you start doing intervals based on heart rate target zones.

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Polar s810 can measure your heartbeat intervals. The differences in these periods reflect your autonomic nervous system when it regulates your heartbeat. This measurement is most useful at rest or at low intensities, because we are talking about very small differences (msecs.) Your relaxation rate indicates the state of your physical recovery. If you are overtrained, it might very well be reflected on the Polar s810 monitor.

Read the article about Polar s810 and heart rate variability

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